Kansas Herpetofaunal Atlas

A photograph of the ilia of *Anaxyrus valentinensis* (above), compared with small ilium of *Anaxyrus hibbardi* (below). Image from Estes and Tihen (1964).

AMPHIBIA (Amphibians) ANURA (Frogs) BUFONIDAE (True Toads)

Nebraska Toad
†Anaxyrus valentinensis (Estes and Tihen 1964)
ăn-ăk-sĕr'-ōs —văl-ĕn-tīn-ĕn-sĭs

Conservation Status:
Extinct

Diagnosis:
A rather small Anaxyrus apparently of the americanus group (frontoparietal not fused with the otic) without prominent crests, but with a finely granular ornamentation over the entire surface of the frontoparietal, somewhat thickened laterally; if associations have been correctly made, the dorsal prominence of the ilium is low and symmetrical (Estes and Tihen, 1964)

Distribution:

(, Museum Voucher) (, Observation) (, Literature Record) (, iNat Record), ( Fossil)
Open icons are questionable records; Click on a marker to view details.
Full range depicted by light shaded red area. Export Google Earth (.kml)

Occurrence Summary:
3
Records
3
Museum Vouchers
0
Other Observations

Some county occurrences indicated below may be too imprecise to map above.
County Breakdown: County Name (# occurrences):
Trego (3);

Natural History:

Remarks:
Bufo valentinensis was described by Estes and Tihen (1964) based on disassembled elements (holotype UNSM 61019, frontoparietal) from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian NALMA) of Norden Bridge Quarry (Nebraska). Bufo valentinensis is usually considered a distinct species that may be related, synonymous, or ancestral to Bufo suspectus (e.g. Sanchiz, 1998; Holman, 2003). However, its generic allocation is not unequivocal. Chantell (1971) related it with the Bufo americanus group (i.e. Anaxyrus). Similar to the Bufo suspectus case, Martin et al. (2012) proposed, as a working hypothesis, to refer to this species as Anaxyrus valentinensis (Estes & Tihen, 1964).

Bibliography:

1964	Estes, Richard and Joseph A. Tihen. Lower vertebrates from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska. The American Midland Naturalist 72(2):53-472 Contains the original description of Anaxyrus valentinensis.
1975	Holman, J. Alan. Herpetofauna of the WaKeeney local fauna (Lower Pliocene: Clarendionian) of Trego County, Kansas. Pages 49-66 in Studies on Cenozoic Paleontology and Stratigraphy in honor of Claude W. Hibbard. Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. pp.
2012	Martin, Carolina (Albaladejo), Borja Sanchiz, and Miguel Angel Alonso-Zarazaga. Nomenclatural notes on living and fossil amphibians. Graellsia 68(1):159-180 References Kansas specimens of Bufo hibbardi from Edson Quarry, Bufo pliocompactilis from WaKeeney, Bufo repentinus from Cragin Quarry, Bufo rexroadensis and Bufo suspectus from Fox Canyon, Bufo spongifrons from Long Island Quarry, and nine Rana from Rexroad.

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