Distribution:
Specimens are known from Bourbon, Chautauqua, Cherokee, and Crawford counties in southeast Kansas. Potential specimens have been anecdotally reported south and east of Douglas County. Further work is necessary to better define the western and northern limits of its range in the state. Toads are often overlooked by herpetologists and this species is probably more widespread than currently understood.

Anderson (1942) reported finding Fowler's Toads throughout Jackson County (adjacent to Johnson County, Kansas) and that they were most common on the sandy Missouri River bottoms.
The distribution of the Fowler's Toad in Kansas overlaps a portion of the range of the American Toad and approaches the range of the Woodhouse's Toad.

(,   Museum Voucher) (,   Observation) (,   Literature Record) (,   iNat Record), (  Fossil)
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Full range depicted by light shaded red area. Export Google Earth (.kml)

• Occurrence Summary:  
• 91
  Records 
• 88
  Museum Vouchers 
• 3
  Other Observations 

Some county occurrences indicated below may be too imprecise to map above.
County Breakdown: County Name (# occurrences):
Allen (1); Bourbon (2); Chautauqua (7); Cherokee (15); Crawford (54); Douglas (2); Ellis (2); Johnson (5); Wyandotte (3);

Fossil History:
Unknown from Kansas 

Natural History:
Not known from Kansas.

Occurrence Activity:
Number of Unique Obervations (=days): 22; Range: 30 Mar to 17 Oct

Chorusing:

Audio recording by Keith Coleman.

Chorusing Phenology: The black outlined dots denote the Julian date (day of the year; 1 January = 1 to 31 December = 365) an observation was made. The thin red line depicts the range of dates between the beginning of the first, and end of the fourth quartile (excluding outliers; Tukey method). The thick light blue bar represents the second and third quartile (interquartile range; the middle 50% of all observations). Only one observation per Julian date is included in the graphs; so a date with multiple observations carries the same weight as a date with only one observation. The vertical bars correspond to the 12 months of the year; January through December.
Number of Unique Obervations: ; Range: ; Interquartile range: ;

Remarks:
While long suspected to occur in Kansas (Smith, 1950, 1956; Collins, 1992; Johnson, 2000), only recently have specimens been discovered that are definitely assignable to this taxon, (Taggart, 2006). The earliest existing specimens (BYU 8417-8; 9967) are from 1947.
Rundquist and Collins (1977) considered Anaxyrus woodhousii to be '... abundant in the Cherokee Plain portions of the county and less so in the Ozark Plateau...' and '... we can make no clear distinction as to subspecies [B. w. woodhousei [sic.] vs. B. w. fowleri] with the specimens at hand.'
The status of Bufo fowleri as distinct from Bufo woodhousii was formerly controversial(see Green (1996) and Sullivan et al. (1996) for discussion of the issue, and Meacham (1962), for a presentation of the evidence and delimitation of the taxon).
Most recently Masta et al. (2002), using molecular evidence, suggested that Bufo fowleri is most closely related to (and molecularly paraphyletic to) Bufo terrestris, not the closest relative of Bufo woodhousii, and together with Bufo terrestris forming the sister taxon of Bufo americanus plus Bufo woodhousii. According to these authors, Bufo fowleri is composed of three distinctive clades, which require additional study as to their specific status.
Bufo fowleri is known to hybridize with Bufo woodhousii and Bufo americanus in other parts of its range, in which case the offspring may show characteristics of only one or both parent species. There is no evidence of hybridization in Kansas.