REPTILIA (Reptiles) TESTUDINES (Turtles) KINOSTERNIDAE (Mud and Musk Turtles)

Yellow Mud Turtle
Kinosternon flavescens (Agassiz 1857)
kī-nō-stĭr-nŏn — flā-vĕs-ĭns


Conservation Status:

State: None

Federal: None
NatureServe State: S5 - Secure
NatureServe National: N5 - Secure
NatureServe Global: G5 - Secure
CITES: None
Diagnosis:
The Yellow Mud Turtle is the only turtle in Nebraska that has two hinges on its plastron rather than one or no hinge.  Its unpatterned carapace is smooth and uniformly an olive to yellowish-brown color.  Often times the dorsal portion of the carapace is flattened.  The double-hinged plastron is yellow and unmarked.  There are no markings on the yellow to green to gray skin and there are pronounced tubercles on the chin.  The anterior margin of the upper jaw is hooked.  Size ranges from 5.0-7.0 inches (12.7-17.8 cm).

Distribution:
The Yellow Mud Turtle is primarily a short to mixed-grass prairie species found in the southwestern Great Plains with several isolated populations far from the general range.  The primary range extends from southwestern Nebraska south through the western two-thirds of Texas and into northern Mexico and west into eastern and extreme southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona as well as adjacent areas in Mexico.  Isolated populations occur in the northwestern Sand Hills of Nebraska, the four-state area where Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma converge, western Illinois and eastern Iowa, and a small area in east Texas.  In Nebraska, aside from the Sand Hills wetlands, this species is restricted to the Republican River and its tributaries in the southwestern part of the state.  It is protected from commercial collection and only three individuals may be collected by any person in the state.
(,   Museum Voucher) (,   Observation) (,   Literature Record) (,   iNat Record), (  Fossil)
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  • Occurrence Summary:  
  • 350
    Records 
  • 350
    Museum Vouchers 
  • 0
    Other Observations 
Some county occurrences indicated below may be too imprecise to map above.
County Breakdown: County Name (# occurrences):
Arthur (6); Brown (15); Chase (4); Cherry (117); Dundy (25); Furnas (4); Garden (169); Harlan (1); Hitchcock (3); Kearney (1); Nuckolls (4); Webster (1);

Natural History:
Yellow Mud Turtles are active from April through October with a brief mid-summer aestivation period during July and August, at which time they leave their aquatic habitats and migrate to upland areas and bury themselves underground.  Courtship and mating activities normally take place shortly after emergence from winter hibernation.  During May, females migrate fair distances to south-facing, sparsely-vegetated hillsides to nest, and this is the only species in the world that nests while completely underground.  Eggs are elliptical and hard-shelled, and they hatch between August and October.  Western Hognose Snakes (Heterodon nasicus) are the primary predators of Yellow Mud Turtle eggs and hatchlings.  Yellow Mud Turtles are mainly carnivorous and feed on snails, crustaceans, earthworms, amphibian larvae, fish, and carrion.  Some vegetable material may be eaten as well. This turtle is a resident of short and mixed-grass prairies.  Nearly any body of standing or slow-moving water – permanent or temporary – within these grasslands can be considered suitable habitat for the Yellow Mud Turtle. However true to its name, those with muddy or sandy substrates are preferred.

Occurrence Activity:
Remarks:


Bibliography:
1980 Iverson, John B. and S.A. Iverson. A bibliography to the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 48():1-72
Account Last Updated:
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Travis W. Taggart © 1999-2025 — w/ Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University